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Cartoon in Pen and Ink : Techniques for Pen Drawing

How to vary tone in ink drawings

The technique of the pen is vastly unlike from that of whatsoever other tool the artists employ, and the work done with a pen is consequently very unique. By nature information technology is a much harsher and a less flexible instrument than either the pencil or the castor, even though pens have come a long way. A pen drawing has a distinct individuality, no matter what kind of a technique is used, fundamentally because of the fashion of getting the various tones and shadows, which is dissimilar from that in the other mediums generally used.

In pen drawings, the ink goes on to the paper in its full strength, dissimilar with other mediums. In other mediums, you either add h2o or white to get lighter tones, yet with pen and ink, you lot employ the white of the paper to become lighter tones. To go a half tone, or quarter tone, or whatever tone is desired, the intensity of the color must, of course, exist reduced, merely this reduction of tone is produced by using the white newspaper as the reducing medium. Instead of water or white existence mixed with blackness and then practical to the newspaper, the solid blackness is put upon the paper, which itself is used for the white and mixed with the blackness as the latter is placed upon it. This is done by means of lines, stipples, etc. (which volition exist described later), all of which, in some class or other, allow the white newspaper to prove through and, by mixing with the ink, produce a reduced tone of black. For a night or heavier tone, more than ink lines are used, for a lite tone more paper shows through, the ink lines being thinner or farther autonomously. If we take a infinite say one inch square and color information technology solid black, in that location is a black spot one inch each way; if we leave information technology untouched, then there is a white i; if nosotros embrace it with black lines that are the same thickness equally the white ones in between, and then we become a half tone; if with lines that are three times as wide as the white, it is a three-quarter tone; if the white spaces are iii times the width of the ink lines, and then it volition be a quarter tone. The ratio of the black lines to the white spaces of newspaper that shows through between is the gene that governs the tone, and, as the tones of a drawing vary profoundly, the heaviness of the lines and the proportion of the white paper must, of necessity, vary as well.

Low-cal Tone

Pen Drawing Techniques - Dark Tones

Dark Tone

A, for example, shows a lite tone, while in B a dark one is seen. They are both tints made past lines running in the aforementioned management, and of the same grapheme. The difference in tone is obtained by the divergence in the thickness of the lines used, and in the size of the white spaces showing betwixt. In A, the black lines are thin and the white lines betwixt thick; while in B, the black lines are much thicker and the white ones sparse. In other words, if the amount of black on a square of the same size of white paper is more in B than information technology is in A, B is necessarily the darker tone. More than ink, a darker tone; less ink, a lighter one.

Line piece of work

Equally the about popular and as the fashion in general use, lines should be considered first. They fall naturally into two kinds—loose lining and regular lining.

Loose Lining

Loose lining is a style wherein the move of the manus and fingers is largely automatic; it is drawn quickly, and with no dandy effort fabricated to keep the lines equidistant, though a practiced artist will instinctively depict them fairly even. Loose lining can be created simply past moving the fingers and hand back and forth over the paper. More than pressure on the pen will, of course, make a heavier line; less force per unit area, a lighter one. This is the same method as in writing, a heavy force per unit area spreads the indicate of the pen and makes a darker line.

Regular Lining

D shows a square of regular lines, which is drawn in a very different manner from C. The direction of every line is advisedly watched, and the lines are "drawn"; that is, they are directed with precision to proceed them the same distance apart and the same depth of color. The lines should be mechanically perfect in direction, thickness, and separation. When a darker tone is required, as at the bottom, make the lines thicker; for a slightly lighter, make them thinner or farther autonomously. Information technology will be noticed that there is a slight gradation of tone in the square.

Crosshatching

Due east shows a square of lines crossed past other lines. This is known as crosshatching, and is sometimes used for the purpose of concealment a tone already laid down. Crosshatching is seldom seen any more, except for sure special uses or to add a piffling variety of technique to a drawing. For an ordinary tint, it is hardly e'er used, modern practise demanding that the tint shall exist fabricated past placing the lines closer together, or past making them heavier. Sometimes, in the darker parts of a drawing, where the tone needs to be very heavy, yet not black, and the black lines have been fabricated every bit wide every bit is convenient or as will look well, crosshatching may be practiced. In this case, it turns the thin, white lines into small-scale, white dots, and makes the tone darker.

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